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电感

DC Electric Circuits

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  • Question 1


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!




    One of the fundamental principles of calculus is a process called一体化。这一原则对于理解是很重要的,因为它在电感的行为中表现出来。值得庆幸的是,还有更熟悉的物理系统,也表现出集成过程,使理解更容易。

    如果我们将恒定的水流介绍进入圆柱形罐中,水位内部将以恒定的速度升高:





    In calculus terms, we would say that the tankintegrateswater flow into water height. That is, one quantity (flow) dictates the rate-of-change over time of another quantity (height).

    像水箱,电气电感also exhibits the phenomenon of integration with respect to time. Which electrical quantity (voltage or current) dictates the rate-of-change over time of which other quantity (voltage or current) in an inductance? Or, to re-phrase the question, which quantity (voltage or current), when maintained at a constant value, results in which other quantity (current or voltage) steadily ramping either up or down over time?

    Reveal answer
  • Question 2

    Suppose a mass is connected to a winch by means of a cable, and a person turns the winch drum to raise the mass off the ground:





    物理学家可能会像能源交换一样看这种情况:转动鼓的人是消耗的能量,这反过来就是存在stored在潜在形式的质量。

    Suppose now that the person stops turning the drum and instead engages a brake mechanism on the drum so that it reverses rotation and slowly allows the mass to return to ground level. Once again, a physicist would view this scenario as an exchange of energy: the mass is now释放energy, while the brake mechanism is converting that released energy into heat:





    在上述每个场景中,绘制描绘两个力的方向的箭头:块在滚筒上施加的力,以及鼓在质量上施加的力。将这些力方向与每个场景中的运动方向进行比较,并解释这些方向如何与质量和鼓的方式交替充当能量source和能量加载

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  • Question 3

    Draw the direction of current in this circuit, and also identify the polarity of the voltage across the battery and across the电阻器。然后,将电池的极性与电流的方向进行比较,电阻器的极性与电流方向通过它。





    您如何注意到这两种不同类型组件的电压极性和电流方向之间的关系?确定这两个组件之间的基本区别,导致他们表现不同。

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  • Question 4

    画出的模式磁场通过电流通过直线和通过线圈产生:





    使用任何一个解释你的答案R.ight-hand rule(常规流程)或左手规则(电子流量)。

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  • Question 5

    当电流通过线圈时,它产生磁场。如果该电流的大小随时间变化,则磁场的强度也会变化。

    我们还知道随时间变化的磁场通量将沿线线圈的长度诱导电压。解释如何互补原则电磁学and electromagnetic induction manifest themselves simultaneously in the same wire coil to produceself-induction

    此外,解释Lenz的定律如何涉及线圈自诱导电压的极性。

    Reveal answer
  • Question 6


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!


    在简单的电阻电路中,可以通过使用电阻除施加的电压来计算电流:





    虽然对这次电路的分析可能似乎微不足道,但我想鼓励你从新鲜的角度来看这里发生的事情。在物理学研究中观察到的重要原则是平衡,当时自然地“寻求”的平衡状态。该简单电路所寻求的余量是电压的平等:电阻上的电压必须与源的电压输出相同的值:





    If the resistor is viewed as a source of voltage seeking equilibrium with the voltage source, then current必须converge at whatever value necessary to generate the necessary balancing voltage across the resistor, according to Ohm’s Law (V = IR). In other words,the resistor’s current achieves whatever magnitude it has to in order to generate a voltage drop equal to the voltage of the source

    这似乎是一种分析这种简单电路的奇怪方式,电阻“寻求”以产生等于源的电压降,以及当前“神奇地”假设它必须实现该电压平衡,但它是有帮助的在理解其他类型的电路元件中。

    例如,在这里,我们具有通过开关连接到大线圈的直流电压源。假设电线线圈具有可忽略的阻力(0Ω):





    与电阻电路一样,线圈将“寻求”,一旦开关关闭,一旦开关就达到电压源的电压平衡。然而,我们知道在线圈中感应的电压与电流的电流不正常成比例 - 而是线圈的电压下降与R.ate of change of magnetic flux over timeas described by Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction:


    V.coil= N. d φ

    DT.



    在哪里,

    V.coil=瞬时感应电压,在伏特中

    N= N.umber of turns in wire coil

    \(\ frac {dφ} {dt} \)=磁通量的瞬时变化率,每秒韦尔斯

    假设线圈电流和磁通量之间的线性关系(即,当我双打时,φ加倍),在开关关闭后,通过时间内容描述这种简单的电路的电流。

    Reveal answer
  • Question 7

    电感is a very important property in many types of electric circuits. Define what “inductance” is, and what causes it.

    Reveal answer
  • Question 8


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!




    如果电磁铁线圈中的匝数增加三倍,则假设没有其他变量的磁通量(φ)的幅度发生在磁通量(φ)的幅度发生(电流通过线圈,磁路的磁阻的磁阻,等。)?

    如果电感器中的电线匝数增加三倍,则诱导电压的幅度发生在给定的磁通量率随时间变化\(\ frac {dφ} {dt} \)?

    If the number of turns of wire in an inductor is tripled, what happens to the magnitude of its inductance, measured in Henrys? Explain your answer.

    Reveal answer
  • Question 9

    可以通过以下等式计算线圈中固有的电感量:


    l = N2A μ

    L.



    在哪里,

    l =电感in Henrys

    n =围绕核心缠绕的电线数量“转弯”

    μ=芯材的渗透率(绝对,不相对)

    A = Core area, in square meters

    L.= Length of core, in meters

    计算必须在直径的中空,非磁性(空气)芯2cm的绕线和10cm长时间缠绕的匝数,以产生22mH的电感。您可以使用自由空间的渗透率(μ0.)对于空气芯的μ值。

    接下来,计算使用相同尺寸的固体铁芯产生相同的电感的所需匝数,假设铁具有相对渗透率(μR.)4000。

    Finally, knowing that the formula for the area of a circle is πr2,重新写入电感方程,以接受电感半径而不是电感区域的值。换句话说,substitute该等式中的区域(A)的半径(R),使其仍然提供一种用于电感的准确图。

    Reveal answer
  • 问题10.

    Suppose you wished to build a component with no other purpose than to provide inductance in an electric circuit (an电感器)。您如何设计这样的设备以执行此功能,以及如何最大限度地提高其电感?

    Reveal answer
  • 问题11.

    像所有领域一样的磁场有两个基本措施:字段force和领域flux。在A.电感器, which of these field quantities is directly related to current through the wire coil, and which is directly related to the amount of energy stored?

    基于这种关系,当铁的一条靠近线圈时,磁场量改变,连接到线圈,连接到恒定电流的源极?




    Reveal answer
  • 问题12.

    假设电感直接连接到可调电流源,并且稳定的该源的电流是稳定的增加over time. We know that an increasing current through an inductor will produce a magnetic field of increasing strength. Does this increase in magnetic field constitute anaccumulationof energy in the inductor, or a释放来自电感的能量?在这种情况下,电感器是否充当了加载或者作为A.sourceof electrical energy?





    Now, suppose the adjustable current source is steadily减少over time. We know this will result in a magnetic field of decreasing strength in the inductor. Does this decrease in magnetic field constitute anaccumulationof energy in the inductor, or a释放来自电感的能量?在这种情况下,电感器是否充当了加载或者作为A.sourceof electrical energy?





    For each of these scenarios, label the inductor’s voltage drop polarity.

    Reveal answer
  • 问题13.


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!




    欧姆的法律tells us that the amount of voltage dropped by a fixed resistance may be calculated as such:


    E = IR



    然而,固定电感的电压和电流之间的关系是完全不同的。电感的“欧姆法”公式如此:


    e = L

    DT.



    在使用电流(i)和电压(e)的小写变量中使用什么意义?另外,表达式[di / dt]是什么意思?注意:如果您认为d's是变量,并且应该在这个分数中取消,再次思考:这不是普通的商品!D字母代表了一个称为a的微积分概念迪fferential, and a quotient of two d terms is called aderivative

    Reveal answer
  • 问题14.

    通过代替正确的电变量(电压,电流,电阻,电感)来完成此声明:

    Inductors oppose changes in (填空),通过产生a(填空)。
    Reveal answer
  • 问题15.

    多年前,我决定通过将电磁铁制作电线的电磁铁来试验电磁。我将钢螺栓放在卷轴的中心,以便具有高渗透率的核心,并通过电线通过电池通过电线进行磁场。没有任何“跳线”导线,我将线轴的线端保持在每只手中的9伏电池端子接触。

    电磁铁工作得很好,我能够用它产生的磁场移动一些钢纸夹。但是,当我通过释放其中一个电线从电池端子释放到电池端子时,我接受了一个小电击!这里显示的是我的示意图,在电路中:





    At the time, I didn’t understand how inductance worked. I only understood how to make magnetism with electricity, but I didn’t realize a coil of wire could generate (high voltage!) electricity from its own magnetic field. I did know, however, that the 9 volts output by the battery was much too weak to shock me (yes, I touched the battery terminals directly to verify this fact), so某物在电路中必须产生大于9伏的电压。

    如果你去过那里来解释刚刚发生在我身上,你会说什么?

    Reveal answer
  • 问题16.

    焊接到印刷电路板的部件通常具有“流浪”电感,也称为寄生电感。遵守该电阻,焊接到电路板:





    寄生电感来自哪里?关于电阻的电阻是什么,安装在电路板上,产生(非常)少量电感?如何最大限度地减少这种电感,以防情况下对电路的操作有害?

    Reveal answer
  • 问题17.

    Many precision resistors utilize a线绕construction, where the resistance is determined by the type and length of wire wrapped around a spool. This form of construction allows for high precision of resistance, with low temperature sensitivity if certain metal alloys are used for the wire.

    Unfortunately, though, wrapping wire around a spool forms a coil, which will naturally possess a significant amount of inductance. This is generally undesirable, as we would like to have resistors possessing只有抵抗, with no “parasitic” properties.

    然而,存在线圈可以缠绕的特殊方法,以便具有几乎没有电感。这种方法被称为bifilarwinding, and it is common in wire-wound resistor construction. Describe how bifilar winding works, and why it eliminates parasitic inductance.

    Reveal answer
  • 问题18.


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!




    包括计算机内部工作的数字逻辑电路基本上只不过是由名为的半导体元件制成的开关阵列。晶体管。作为开关,这些电路具有两个状态:开启和关闭,分别表示1和0的二进制状态。

    The faster these switch circuits are able to change state, the faster the computer can perform arithmetic and do all the other tasks computers do. To this end, computer engineers keep pushing the limits of transistor circuit design to achieve faster and faster switching rates.

    这种速度的种族导致计算机电源电路的问题,因为目前的“浪涌”(技术称为瞬态) created in the conductors carrying power from the supply to the logic circuits. The faster these logic circuits change state, the greater the [di/dt] rates-of-change exist in the conductors carrying current to power them. Significant voltage drops can occur along the length of these conductors due to their parasitic inductance:





    假设当从“关闭”状态切换到Ön“状态时,逻辑门电路在从”关闭“状态切换时,每个纳秒(175A / ns)产生175个放大器的瞬态电流。如果电源导体的总电感是10微米(9.5 pH),电源电压为5伏DC,则在其中一个“浪涌”期间逻辑门的电源端子的电压保持多大电压?

    Reveal answer
  • 问题19.

    电感有一个紧密的机械类比:惯性。Explain what mechanical “inertia” is, and how the quantities of velocity and force applied to an object with mass are respectively analogous to current and voltage applied to an inductance.

    Reveal answer
  • 问题20.


    ∫f(x) dx微积分警报!




    电感器以磁场的形式存储能量。我们可以通过将电感电压和电感器电流(P = IV)的产品集成随时间的时间来计算存储在电感中的能量,因为我们知道电源是完成工作(W)的速率,并且完成的工作量对于从零电流拍摄的电感到一些非零电流量构成能量存储(U):


    P = DW.

    DT.




    DW.= P dt




    U = W = ⌠ ⌡ 太平洋夏令时



    找到一种方法来将电感(L)和电流(I)替换为Integrand,因此您可以集成以找到描述存储在电感器中的能量量的等式,以用于任何给定的电感和电流值。

    Reveal answer